Timor-Leste has undertaken one of the most significant curriculum reforms in its history: a National Basic Education Curriculum that reflects Timorese identity, languages and culture while preparing students for the modern world.
The 2015 Reform
Approved through decree-laws in 2014–2015, the reformed curriculum for pre-school and the first and second cycles of basic education introduced, for the first time since independence, the requirement that students be taught in and formally study Tetum throughout primary school. Tetum is the first language of literacy and instruction, with Portuguese introduced progressively so that students master both official languages by the end of basic education. Tetum Literacy and Portuguese Literacy are subjects in their own right as well as languages of instruction.
Why the Reform Matters
- Children learn best in a language they understand , early learning in Tetum builds stronger foundations
- The curriculum valorises Timorese culture, history and local knowledge
- Clear learning progressions support teachers with lesson plans, materials and assessment tools
Implementation and Support
Implementing a new curriculum in every classroom is a long-term effort. The Ministry supports schools through the Office for Curriculum Assessment, Development and Pedagogical Resources, teacher training via INFORDEPE, school leadership and mentoring through ALMA, and improved materials and assessment under the BEST project.
Continuing Work
The Ministry has announced continuing work on new curricula to raise the quality of education , including alignment of the third cycle of basic education and secondary education with the reformed early cycles, and integration of digital skills and inclusive pedagogy across all levels.